Brjóta

Old Norse Dictionary - brjóta

Meaning of Old Norse word "brjóta" in English.

As defined by the Cleasby & Vigfusson Old Norse to English dictionary:

brjóta Old Norse word can mean:

brjóta: pret. braut; 2nd pers. brautt is obsolete; commonly brauzt or brauztu, Ó. H. 24 (in a verse), FmS. vi. 139 (in a verse of A. D. 1050); pl. brutu; sup. brotið; pres. brýt: [this word does not occur in Ulf. and is unknown in Germ.; the A. S. has breâtan, breôtan, but rarely and in the sense to destroy, demolish: but the Scandin. dialects all have it; Swed. bryta; Dan. bryde; whereas the Goth. braican, Germ. brechen, Engl. break are unknown to the Scandin. idiomS. Du Cange records a Latin-Spanish britare = destruere; it is therefore likely that it came into Spain with the Goths, although Ulfilas does not use it]:—to break; with acc., Nj. 64, BS. i. 346; þeir brutu báða fótleggi í honum, Hom. 115; sumir brutu (hurt) hendr sínar, sumir fætr, BS. i. 10; ef maðr brýtr tennr or höfði manns, Grág. ii. 11; hvárz þat er höggit, eðr brotið, cut or broken, id.; þeir kómu við sker ok brutu stýri, FmS. ix. 307; Þormóðr kvað betra at róa minna ok brjóta ekki, Grett. ch. 50: phrases as, b. á bak, to break the back, FmS. vii. 119; á háls, the neck, Vígl. 21; b. í hjóli (hveli), to break on the wheel, of capital punishment, FmS. xi. 372, Hom. 147; í þeim hring stendr Þórs steinn, er þeir menn vóru brotnir um (on which the men were broken) er til blóta vóru hafðir, Eb. 26.

brjóta: 2. denoting to destroy, demolish; b. skurðgoð, FmS. x. 277, BS. i. 10; þeir höfðu brotið hof en kristnað land, FmS. i. 32; Valgarðr braut krossa fyrir Merði ok öll heilög tákn, Nj. 167.

brjóta: β. b. skip, to shipwreck (skip-brot); brutu þar skipit allt í span, Nj. 282, Ld. 8, Landn. 149: absol., hón kom á Vikarsskeið, ok braut þar, 110: nú er á (a river) brýtr af annars manns landi, Gþl. 419; cp. land-brot.

brjóta: 3. adding prepp.; niðr, sundr, af, upp, to break down, asunder, off, or the like; sá er niðr braut alla Jerusalem, 673. 51; b. niðr blótskap, FmS. iii. 165, viii. (pref.); brutu þá Baglar af brúna, B. broke the bridge off, x. 331; b. sundr, ix. 482; b. upp, to break up; þeir brutu upp þilit, Eg. 235; þeir brutu upp búr hans (of burglars), 593; b. upp kirkju, FmS. ix. 12; b. upp hlið, to break up a fence, K. Þ. K. 84.

brjóta: β. b. upp, to break up a package, unpack; brýtr hann nú upp gersemar sínar, Fær. 6:—as a naut. term, b. upp means to bring out victuals for the mess, Dan. bakke op; jarl ok hans menn b. upp vistir ok setjast til matar, FmS. xi. 147: milit., b. upp vápn means to take arms, prepare for battle (in a sea fight); brjóta upp vápn sín ok berjask, Fær. 85; menn brutu upp um annan öll vápn, FmS. vi. 313 (in a verse).

brjóta: γ. b. or b. saman, to fold (clothes or the like); b. sundr, to unfold, Nj. 171: in mod. usage also b. bréf, to fold a letter (hence brot, to denote the size of a book); b. upp bréf, to break a letter open, Barl. 181; b. blað, to fold down a leaf in a book, etc.; b. út, to break (a channel) through, Landn. 65 (of a river); þá var út brotinn óssinn, BS. i. 315.

brjóta: 4. various metaph. phrases; b. bág við, to fight, v. bágr, FaS. i. 43; b. odd af oflæti sínu, to break the point off one’s pride, to humble oneself, Nj. 94 (where to disgrace oneself); b. straum fyrir e-u, to break the stream for one, metaphor from a post or rock in a stream, to bear the brunt of battle, Orkn. 344; b. bekrann, vide bekri, Grett.

brjóta: 5. metaph. to break, violate, lög, rétt, etc.; mun ek þó eigi fyrir þínar sakir brjóta lögin né konungs tignina, eða svá landsréttinn, FmS. iv. 263; en þér, konungr, brutuð lög á Agli, you broke the law in Egil’s case, Eg. 416, FmS. x. 401; at þú brjótir lög þín, xi. 93; engi skyídi annars ráð brjóta, Bret.; b. á bak, to infringe, FaS. i. 528 (cp. lög-brot, laga-brot); b. af við e-n, to wrong one, iii. 551: in theol. sense, H. E. i. 460 (vide af-brot, mis-brot, crime, sin): absol. to transgress, brjóta þau ok bæði, ok göra hórdóm, K. Á. 134.

brjóta: β. denoting force, to force, compel; b. menn til Kristni, Ld. 178, FmS. i. 142; til trúar, FS. 98; til hlýðni, to force to submission; allt landsfólk var undir brotið ríki þeirra, all people were brought under their rule, FmS. iv. 64; hón er í hernaði ok brýtr undir sik víkinga, Odd. 22; b. konu til svefnis, a law term, violare, Grág. i. 338.

brjóta: II. reflex., with prepp. í, ór, um, út, við, or adv. braut; brjótask, to break in, out, etc.; hann brauzk í haug Hrólfs Kraka, Landn. 169; brjótumk vér þá burt ór húsinu, to break out of the house, FaS. i. 88; brjótask á, to break in upon, press; Önundr brauzk á hurðina, Onund tried to break in the door, FS. 101, FmS. vii. 187; b. fram, to break forth, Bb.; b. milli, to break out between, BS. i. 634; b. út, to break out, esp. in the metaph. sense of plague, disease, fire, or the like; er út brýzk vökvi ok úhreinindi, GrEg. 22 (út-brot, a breaking out, eruption); b. um, to make a hard struggle (e. g. of one fettered or pinioned); því harðara er hann brauzk um, Edda 20; björn einn brauzk um í vök, FS. 146; af ofrgangi elds þess er um brýtsk (rages) í grundvöllum landsins, SkS. 151; b. við e-t, to struggle (wrestle) hard against; þeir brutusk við skóga eðr stóra steina, of enraged berserkers, FaS. i. 515: metaph. to fight hard against, hann brauzk við heiðinn lýð, FmS. xi. 396; b. við ofrefli, to fight against odds, Ísl. ii. 394: absol. to strive hard, Stj. 411; Hákoni jarli var ekki mikit um at b. við borgargörðina, Haco did not care to exert himself much about making the burg, FmS. ix. 46: with dat., b. við e-u, to fight against (in a bad sense); b. við gæfu sinni, to break with one’s good luck, iv. 233; b. við forlögunum, to struggle against fate, FS. 20; b. í e-u, to be busy, exert oneself in a thing; eigi þarftú í þessu at brjótask lengr, i. e. give it up, FmS. iii. 102; því at þessi maðr Ólafr brýzk í miklu ofrefli, this man Olave struggles against great odds, iv. 77.

brjóta: 2. recipr., þeir rérust svá nær, at brutusk árarnar fyrir, that they broke one another’s oars, FmS. viii. 216.

brjóta: III. impers. in a pasS. sense; skipit (acc.) braut í spán, the ship was broken to pieces, Ld. 142; skip Þangbrands braut austr við Búlandshöfða, Nj. 162; tók út skip Þangbrands ok braut mjök, BS. i. 15: of a house, or the like, destroyed by wind or wave, þá braut kirkju (acc.), the church was blown down, 30: the phrase, straum (acc.) brýtr á skeri, the stream is broken against a skerry (rock); strauminn braut á öxlinni, the stream broke against his shoulders, Grett. 140 (the new Ed.), the old Ed. straumrinn—not so well; lá (acc.) brýtr, the surf breaks, abates, Edda (Ht. verse 78).

brjóta: IV. part. brotinn, broken; sverð slæ ok brotin, Hkr. i. 343: as adj. in such compds as fót-brotinn, væng-brotinn, háls-brotinn, hrygg-brotinn, etc., with broken leg, wing, etc.

Possible runic inscription in Younger Futhark:ᛒᚱᛁᚢᛏᛅ
Younger Futhark runes were used from 8th to 12th centuries in Scandinavia and their overseas settlements

Abbreviations used:

acc.: accusative.

A. D.: Anno Domini.

A. S.: Anglo-Saxon.

ch.: chapter.

Dan.: Danish.

Engl.: English.

f.: feminine.

Germ.: German.

gl.: glossary.

Goth.: Gothic.

id.: idem, referring to the passage quoted or to the translation

l.: line.

m.: masculine.

n.: neuter.

pers.: person.

pl.: plural.

pres.: present.

pret.: preterite.

S.: Saga.

Scandin.: Scandinavia, Scandinavian.

sup.: supine.

Swed.: Swedish.

Ulf.: Ulfilas.

absol.: absolute, absolutely.

cp.: compare.

pref.: preface.

lit.: literally.

milit.: military.

naut.: nautical.

etc.: et cetera.

mod.: modern.

metaph.: metaphorical, metaphorically.

v.: vide.

theol.: theological, theologically.

adv.: adverb.

dat.: dative.

e. g.: exempli gratia.

esp.: especially.

i. e.: id est.

reflex.: retlexive.

pr.: proper, properly.

recipr.: reciprocally.

impers.: impersonal.

pass.: passive.

adj.: adjective.

part.: participle.

Works & Authors cited:

Bs.: Biskupa Sögur. (D. III.)

Eb.: Eyrbyggja Saga. (D. II.)

Fms.: Fornmanna Sögur. (E. I.)

Grág.: Grágás. (B. I.)

Grett.: Grettis Saga. (D. II.)

Hom.: Homiliu-bók. (F. II.)

Nj.: Njála. (D. II.)

Ó. H.: Ólafs Saga Helga. (E. I.)

Vígl.: Víglundar Saga. (D. V.)

Gþl.: Gulaþings-lög. (B. II.)

Landn.: Landnáma. (D. I.)

Ld.: Laxdæla Saga. (D. II.)

Eg.: Egils Saga. (D. II.)

K. Þ. K.: Kristinn-réttr Þorláks ok Ketils = Kristinna-laga-þáttr. (B. I.)

Fær.: Færeyinga Saga. (E. II.)

Barl.: Barlaams Saga. (F. III.)

Fas.: Fornaldar Sögur. (C. II.)

Orkn.: Orkneyinga Saga. (E. II.)

Bret.: Breta Sögur. (G. I.)

H. E.: Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiae. (J. I.)

K. Á.: Kristinn-réttr Árna biskups. (B. III.)

Fs.: Forn-sögur. (D. II.)

Odd.: Stjörnu-Odda draumr. (D. V.)

Bb.: Búnaðar-bálkr.

Edda: Edda. (C. I.)

Greg.: Gregory. (F. II.)

Sks.: Konungs Skugg-sjá. (H. II.)

Stj.: Stjórn. (F. I.)

Ht.: Hátta-tal. (C. I.)

Hkr.: Heimskringla. (E. I.)

➞ See all works cited in the dictionary

Also available in related dictionaries:

This headword also appears in dictionaries of other languages descending from Old Norse.