Fjöl-
Old Norse Dictionary - fjöl-Meaning of Old Norse word "fjöl-" (or fjǫl-) in English.
As defined by the Cleasby & Vigfusson Old Norse to English dictionary:
fjöl- Old Norse word can mean:
- fjöl- (fjǫl-)
- [akin to Gr. πολύς; Ulf. filu = πολύς; A. S. fela; O. H. G. filu; Germ. viel; lost in Engl. and mod. Dan.; in Icel. freq., esp. as a prefix in poetry, but never used as an independent adj.]:—much, manifold.
- fjöl- (fjǫl-)
- I. in a bad sense: fjöl-beiðni, f. begging, intruding, Al. 91. fjöl-breytinn, adj. false, whimsical, Edda 18. fjöl-kunnigr (fjöl-kundr, Barl. passim), adj. [kunna], skilled in the black art, Grett. 150, 153, Eg. 119, 179, Nj. 17, 272, FmS. i. 18, ii. 134, Hm. 114, passim. fjöl-kyngi (fjöl-kyndi, Barl. passim), f. the black art, witchcraft, FmS. i. 10, Korm. 222, Landn. 84, Grett. 151, Rb. 408, Stj. 647; galdrar ok fjölkyngi, K. Þ. K. 76, Grett. 155, etc., passim; fjölkyngis-bækr, f. pl. magical books, Post. 645. 61; fjölkyngis-fólk, n. wizard-folk, Hkr. i. 267; fjölkyngis-íþrótt, f. magic art, 623. 31, FmS. x. 307; fjölkyngis-kona, u, f. a sorceress, FaS. ii. 273; fjölkyngis-liga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), with sorcery, Gísl. 31; fjölkyngis-list, f. magic art, Stj. 73; fjölkyngis-veðr, n. a gale produced by sorcery, FmS. iv. 44. fjöl-lyndi, f. looseness, Lv. 78. fjöl-lyndr, adj. fickle, loose, Sturl. i. 225. fjöl-máligr, adj. tattling, Karl. 439, 686 B. 2. fjöl-mæli, n. tittle-tattle, slander, FmS. ix. 250, Hkr. ii. 35, Gþl. 195, n. G. l. i. 57, H. E. i. 479. fjölmælis-maðr, m. a tatler, slanderer, Gþl. 197. fjöl-orðr, adj. = fjölmáligr, FS. 36, FmS. ix. 277, v. l. fjöl-ráðr, adj. fickle, loose, Fb. ii. 701. fjöl-ræði, n. fickleness, looseness, 655 ix. C. 2. fjöl-ræðinn, adj. too intimate, FmS. vi. 109. fjöl-skrúðigr, adj. dressy, showy, Eb. 256.
- fjöl- (fjǫl-)
- II. in the simple sense of many: fjöl-auðigr, adj. very rich, wealthy, Landn. 79. fjöl-bygðr, part. thickly peopled, Landn. 168, 270, 321 (App.) fjöl-menna, t, to crowd, meet in crowds, Nj. 75: become peopled, Rb. 392, Edda (pref.) fjöl-menni, n. many people, a crowd, Nj. 2, Eg. 38, 271, FmS. i. 54, ii. 152, passim: the common people, bændr ok f., Anecd. 6, SkS. 5. fjöl-mennr, older form fjöl-meðr, adj. with many people, FmS. i. 37; rikr ok f., BS. i. 651; riðu menn fjölmennir til þings, Ísl. ii. 254; far sem fjölmennastr, FmS. vii. 221: peopled, fjölmennt þing, veizla, etc., Nj. 167; gildi f., Eg. 22, 46, Ísl. ii. 259, FmS. vii. 265: neut., vera, hafa fjölmennt, Eg. 5, Sturl. ii. 245; fjölmennt ok góðmennt, many people and good, Eg. 201. fjöl-skylda and fjöl-skyld, f., Rd. 293; fjöl-skyldi, n., n. G. l. ii. 9, FmS. xi. 68, Hom. i, Grág. i. 225: much business, many duties, with a notion of toil and trouble, FmS. i. 53, iv. 179, vi. 60, xi. 68, 429, Hom. 135, BS. i. 90, 686 (of debt); mæðing ok f., SkS. 569; álög né f. (duties), FmS. xi. 224; annask um f., to be very busy, Rd. l. c.; eiga f. um at vera, id., n. G. l. l. c.: in Hom. 1. Lat. occupatio is rendered by fjölskyldi; hvárki fé né fjölskyldi, neither in money nor in work, Grág. i. 225:—in mod. usage, encumbrance with many people (children), a large family, household, but this scarcely occurs in old writerS. fjöl-skyldr (-skyldugr, Mar. 232), adj. busy; f. embætti, SkS. 38, 257 B.
- fjöl- (fjǫl-)
- III. poët. as a prefix to adj. as an ornamental epithet, e. g. fjöl-blíðr, -dyggr, -dýrr, -errinn, -gegn, -góðr, -kostigr, -kænn, -mætf, -nenninn, -snerrinn, -sviðr, -varr, -vitr, denoting exceeding good, wise, valiant, etc. fjöl-höfðaðr, adj. many-headed, Vþm. fjöl-margr, adj. very many, GS. 20; vide Lex. poët.
Orthography: The Cleasby & Vigfusson book used letter ö to represent the original Old Norse vowel ǫ. Therefore, fjöl- may be more accurately written as fjǫl-.
Possible runic inscription in Younger Futhark:ᚠᛁᚢᛚ-
Younger Futhark runes were used from 8th to 12th centuries in Scandinavia and their overseas settlements
Abbreviations used:
- adj.
- adjective.
- A. S.
- Anglo-Saxon.
- Dan.
- Danish.
- Engl.
- English.
- esp.
- especially.
- f.
- feminine.
- freq.
- frequent, frequently.
- Germ.
- German.
- gl.
- glossary.
- Gr.
- Greek.
- Icel.
- Iceland, Icelander, Icelanders, Icelandic.
- l.
- line.
- m.
- masculine.
- mod.
- modern.
- n.
- neuter.
- O. H. G.
- Old High German.
- S.
- Saga.
- Ulf.
- Ulfilas.
- adv.
- adverb.
- etc.
- et cetera.
- L.
- Linnæus.
- pl.
- plural.
- v.
- vide.
- v. l.
- varia lectio.
- id.
- idem, referring to the passage quoted or to the translation
- Lat.
- Latin.
- l. c.
- loco citato.
- neut.
- neuter.
- part.
- participle.
- pref.
- preface.
- e. g.
- exempli gratia.
- poët.
- poetically.
Works & Authors cited:
- Al.
- Alexanders Saga. (G. I.)
- Barl.
- Barlaams Saga. (F. III.)
- Eb.
- Eyrbyggja Saga. (D. II.)
- Edda
- Edda. (C. I.)
- Eg.
- Egils Saga. (D. II.)
- Fas.
- Fornaldar Sögur. (C. II.)
- Fb.
- Flateyjar-bók (E. I.)
- Fms.
- Fornmanna Sögur. (E. I.)
- Fs.
- Forn-sögur. (D. II.)
- Gísl.
- Gísla Saga. (D. II.)
- Grett.
- Grettis Saga. (D. II.)
- Gþl.
- Gulaþings-lög. (B. II.)
- H. E.
- Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiae. (J. I.)
- Hkr.
- Heimskringla. (E. I.)
- Hm.
- Hává-mál. (A. I.)
- Karl.
- Karla-magnús Saga. (G. I.)
- Korm.
- Kormaks Saga. (D. II.)
- K. Þ. K.
- Kristinn-réttr Þorláks ok Ketils = Kristinna-laga-þáttr. (B. I.)
- Landn.
- Landnáma. (D. I.)
- Lv.
- Ljósvetninga Saga. (D. II.)
- N. G. L.
- Norges Gamle Love. (B. II.)
- Nj.
- Njála. (D. II.)
- Post.
- Postula Sögur. (F. III.)
- Rb.
- Rímbegla. (H. III.)
- Stj.
- Stjórn. (F. I.)
- Sturl.
- Sturlunga Saga. (D. I.)
- Anecd.
- Anecdoton. (H. II.)
- Bs.
- Biskupa Sögur. (D. III.)
- Grág.
- Grágás. (B. I.)
- Hom.
- Homiliu-bók. (F. II.)
- Mar.
- Maríu Saga. (F. III.)
- Rd.
- Reykdæla Saga. (D. II.)
- Sks.
- Konungs Skugg-sjá. (H. II.)
- Gs.
- Grótta-söngr. (A. II.)
- Lex. Poët.
- Lexicon Poëticum by Sveinbjörn Egilsson, 1860.
- Vþm.
- Vafþrúðnis-mál. (A. I.)